De Wet Marktpraktijken ligt onder vuur. Het oude verbod op gezamenlijke aanbiedingen in de Wet Handelspraktijken werd in 2009 al in strijd met het Europese recht bevonden. Het huidige verbod op gezamenlijke aanbiedingen waarvan één bestanddeel een financiële dienst is, staat ter discussie. Over de sperperioderegeling bestaat nog geen volledige duidelijkheid, maar er zijn goede argumenten om te oordelen dat die in strijd is met het Europese recht. Het verbod op verkoop met verlies van goederen is de volgende regeling in de Wet Marktpraktijken waarover de discussie nu bij het Hof van Justitie wordt gevoerd.
Het verbod op verkoop met verlies
Artikel 101 §1 Wet Marktpraktijken verbiedt aan iedere onderneming om goederen met verlies te koop aan te bieden of te verkopen. Een verkoop met verlies wordt gedefinieerd als ‘elke verkoop tegen een prijs die niet ten minste gelijk is aan de prijs waartegen de onderneming het goed heeft gekocht of die de onderneming zou moeten betalen bij herbevoorrading, na aftrek van eventueel toegekende en definitief verworven kortingen’. Er wordt geen rekening gehouden met kortingen die worden gegeven in ruil voor andere verbintenissen van de onderneming (dus niet de aankoop van goederen).
Te verwachten analyse
Op basis van de eerdere uitspraken van het Hof van Justitie valt te verwachten dat het Hof van Justitie zal nagaan (1) of verkoop met verlies een handelspraktijk is in de zin van de Richtlijn oneerlijke handelspraktijken en (2) als het antwoord op het eerste punt ‘ja’ is, of dit Belgische verbod dan voorziet in een regeling die strenger is dan de regeling in de Richtlijn.
Bij de beoordeling of het verbod op verkoop met verlies strijdig is met het Europese recht, zal het daarnaast aan de nationale rechter zijn om uit te maken of het Belgische verbod de bescherming van consumenten beoogt. Blijkbaar heeft de verwijzende rechter in zijn prejudiciële vraag al geoordeeld dat dat inderdaad het geval is.
Houding in afwachting van een arrest
De prejudiciële vraag is recent en dat wil zeggen dat een uitspraak van het Hof van Justitie niet voor morgen is. In afwachting van een arrest is de veilige houding voor een onderneming om er voorlopig vanuit te gaan dat het verbod nog bestaat en toegepast kan worden. Het is geen zekerheid dat het verbod in strijd is met het Europese recht, onder meer omdat het al niet zeker is dat iedere Belgische rechter zal oordelen dat het verbod de bescherming van consumenten beoogt (zie ook discussie inzake de sperperioderegeling).
Eerder verschenen op deze blog al berichten over de verenigbaarheid van de sperperioderegeling en van het huidige – uitgeholde – verbod op gezamenlijke aanbiedingen met het Europese recht.
De zaak is bij het Hof van Justitie bekend onder het nummer C-343/12 en diegenen die de zaak op de voet willen volgen, kunnen dat op de website van het Hof.
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